著書

  1. 木村有太子, 野口博光. 教えて!うたこ先生 皮膚真菌症マニュアル2 ― Case集 ―. 克誠堂出版. pp1–255, 2025.
  2. 野口博光, 宮田成章. 対談 美容皮膚科を目指す医師へ ― 地方開業医の視点から ―. (宮田成章) 美容医療を知る ― いま, この領域を志すあなたへ ―. 中外医学社. pp88–92, 2025.
  3. 野口博光.爪白癬.皮膚真菌症マニュアル.(木村有太子,比留間政太郎,松本忠彦)克誠堂出版.東京.pp124-133, 2022.
  4. 野口博光.非白癬性爪真菌症.皮膚真菌症マニュアル.(木村有太子,比留間政太郎,松本忠彦)克誠堂出版.東京.pp134-139, 2022.
  5. 野口博光.カンジダ性爪真菌症.皮膚真菌症マニュアル.(木村有太子,比留間政太郎,松本忠彦)克誠堂出版.東京.pp174-178, 2022.
  6. 野口博光.内臓真菌症の皮膚病変.皮膚真菌症マニュアル.(木村有太子,比留間政太郎,松本忠彦)克誠堂出版.東京.pp 237-239, 2022.
  7. 野口博光.プロトテコーシス.皮膚真菌症マニュアル.(木村有太子,比留間政太郎,松本忠彦)克誠堂出版.東京.pp223-230, 2022.
  8. 野口博光.高齢者に経口抗真菌薬は使えないのか.皮膚科Controversy.(宮地良樹,常深祐一郎)中外医学社.東京.pp317-319, 2022.
  9. 野口博光.真菌症.皮膚科診療 秘伝の書.(神人正寿,常深祐一郎).南江堂.東京.pp243-238, 2022.
  10. 野口博光.プロトテカ症.今日の皮膚疾患治療指針 第5版.(佐藤伸一,藤本 学,門野岳史,椛島健治).医学書院.pp964-965, 2022.
  11. 野口博光.皮膚クリプトコックス症.クリプトコックス症の診断・治療ガイドライン2019. (泉川公一, 掛川 弘, 日本医真菌学会) 春恒社.東京.96-103, 2019. 

論文

  1. Kageshita Y, Kubo M, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Ohara S, Hayashi D, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Fukushima S, Kano R. Emerging zoonotic dermatophytosis: A 10-year case series from a dermatology clinic in Japan. Mycopathologia. 190: 107, 2025.
  2. Ohara S, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Hayashi D, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Kubo M, Kano R, Fukushima S. Topical luliconazole treatment for hyperkeratotic tinea pedis. Mycopathologia. 190: 66, 2025.
  3. Hayashi D, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T, Ohara S, Kubo M, Makino K, Fukushima S. Onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus species belonging to section Circumdati. J Dermatol. 52: 536–540, 2025.
  4. Itagaki S, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Yaguchi T, Satoh Y, Okuno S, Hashimoto T, Satoh T. Trauma-induced phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium crousii presenting as a punched-out ulcer. Mycopathologia. 190: 25, 2025.
  5. Ohara S, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kubo M, Hayashi D, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Yaguchi T, Kano R. Emerging antifungal-resistant onychomycosis in a dermatology clinic in Kumamoto, Japan. Med Mycol J. 66: 61–67, 2025.
  6. Miyata A, Kimura U, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Kano R, Suga Y. Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans that responded to fosravuconazole. Med Mycol J. 66: 51–54, 2025.
  7. Tokuhisa Y, Tokuhisa Y, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Kano R. Successful treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with fosravuconazole. J Dermatol. 52: e563–e564, 2025.
  8. Kimura U, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y. Widespread Majocchi’s granuloma caused by multidrug-resistant Trichophyton rubrum successfully treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole. J Dermatol. Epub ahead of print, 2025.
  9. Itagaki S, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Yaguchi T, Satoh Y, Okuno S, Hashimoto T, Satoh T. Trauma-induced phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium crousii presenting as a punched-out ulcer. Mycopathologia. 190: 25, 2025.
  10. Hayashi D, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T, Ohara S, Kubo M, Makino K, Fukushima S. Onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus species belonging to section Circumdati. J Dermatol. 52: 536–540, 2025.
  11. Nojo H, Hiruma J, Noguchi H, Shimizu T, Hiruma M, Harada K, Makimura K, Kano R. Terbinafine-resistant dermatophytes isolated in Japan. Med Mycol J. 66: 11–15, 2025.
  12. Sakai S, Ebata T, Nishio H, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T. Onychomycosis caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum. Mycopathologia. 189: 83, 2024.
  13. Higuchi S, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Nojo H, Kano R. Terbinafine-resistant tinea pedis and tinea unguium in Japanese military personnel. J Dermatol. 51: 1256–1258, 2024.
  14. Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Noguchi H, Yaguchi T, Urata K, Shimada S, Sawamura S, Makino K, Kajihara I, Ideo K, Higuchi S, Fukushima S. Subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Scedosporium aurantiacum treated with posaconazole. Mycopathologia. 189: 9, 2024.
  15. 金澤早織, 野口博光, 池田優香, 宮田成章, 島田秀一, 中山若菜, 福島 聡. 鼻部の毛孔開大に対するカーボンオイルを併用したピコ秒レーザーによる治療経験. Aesthetic Dermatology. 34: 536–541, 2024.
  16. 高路 修, 臼田俊和, 厚坂啓司, 植木理恵, 大久保ゆかり, 難波純英, 西本勝太郎, 野口博光, 舟串直子, 山本 匡, 矢口 均, 岩澤うつぎ, 北見 周, 林 伸和, 高須 博, 医療制度検討委員会. 令和4年度医療制度検討委員会会長諮問「皮膚科医にとってのオンライン診療の取り組み方」に対する答申 ― オンライン診療に対するアンケート調査. 日臨皮誌. 41: 784–793, 2024.
  17. 野口博光, 久保正英, 佐藤俊次, 矢口 均. 疥癬のオンライン診療とダーモカメラの有用性. 臨床皮膚. 78: 87–90, 2024.
  18. 野口博光. 薬剤耐性の爪白癬の出現. 日医雑誌. 153: TH5–8, 2024.
  19. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Mimura Y, Kubo M, Higuchi S, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Fukushima S. Dermatophyte antigen kit: A useful diagnostic tool for onychomycosis. J Dermatol. 50: 1614–1618, 2023.
  20. Higuchi S, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T, Kubo M, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Hiruma M, Kano R, Satoh T, Fukushima S. Onychomycosis caused by Talaromyces muroii successfully treated with efinaconazole. Mycopathologia. 188: 825–827, 2023.
  21. Higuchi S, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Kubo M, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Satoh T, Fukushima S. Dermatophyte antigen kit in diagnosis of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium solani. J Dermatol. 50: e162–e163, 2023.
  22. Hiruma J, Nojo H, Tsuchihashi H, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Harada K, Kano R. Internal transcribed spacer region typing of Trichophyton interdigitale isolated from Japanese patients. Mycopathologia. 188: 395–399, 2023.
  23. Hiruma J, Noguchi H, Shimizu T, Hiruma M, Harada K, Kano R. Epidemiological study of antifungal-resistant dermatophytes isolated from Japanese patients. J Dermatol. 50: 1068–1071, 2023.
  24. Hiruma J, Kimura U, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Harada K, Kano R. In vitro azole susceptibility testing of Japanese isolates of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum. Med Mycol J. 64: 23–25, 2023.
  25. Suzuki H, Hashimoto T, Sugiura R, Ogata H, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Yaguchi T, Satoh T. Disseminated cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium proliferatum in a patient with aplastic anemia. J Dermatol. 50: e183–e184, 2023.
  26. Ishibashi T, Ichimura C, Kubo M, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Fukushima S. Majocchi granuloma in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia. Mycopathologia. 188: 259–262, 2023.
  27. Nojo H, Hiruma J, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Harada K, Makimura K, Kano R. In vitro azole susceptibility testing of Japanese isolates of itraconazole-resistant dermatophytes. Med Mycol J. 64: 103–105, 2023.
  28. Kano R, Nojo H, Noguchi H. Genomic analysis of antifungal drug resistance induced in Trichophyton rubrum after prolonged culture with terbinafine. Mycopathologia. 188: 1079–1083, 2023.
  29. 野口博光, 久保正英, 井上雄二, 福島 聡, 矢口 均. 疥癬が集団発生したグループホームにおけるオンライン再診時のダーモカメラの有用性. 日臨皮誌40: 54-58, 2023.
  30. 野口博光. 薬剤耐性白癬の新興感染.皮病診療45: 938-940, 2023.
  31. Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Tanaka M, Yaguchi T, Kusaba Y, Miyashita A, Hayashi H, Fukushima S. Dermoscopic findings of sporotrichosis manifesting as a punched-out ulcer. J Dermatol. 49: e449-e450, 2022.
  32. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kubo M, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Yaguchi T, Yamada T, Kano R. Dermatophytoma caused by terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton rubrum treated with fosravuconazole. J Dermatol. 49: e407-e408, 2022.
  33. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kubo M, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Tanaka M, Yaguchi T, Yamada T, Kano R. Effective response of dermatophytoma caused by terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton interdigitale solely to topical efinaconazole. Mycopathologia. 187: 421-422, 2022. 
  34. Kano R, Kimura U, Noguchi H, Hiruma M. Clinical isolate of a multi-antifungal-resistant Trichophyton rubrum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother66: e0239321, 2022. 
  35. Toyosawa Y, Kimura U, Kurihara M, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Nakazawa T, Takamori K, Suga Y. Kerion celsi caused by Nannizzia gypsea in a two-year-old child who had been hospitalized since birth. Med Mycol J. 63: 21-23, 2022.
  36. Kano R, Noguchi H, Hiruma M. A deletion mutation in the amino acid sequence of squalene epoxidase in terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton rubrum. J Infect Chemother28: 741-744, 2022
  37. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Kubo M, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Fukushima S. Empiric antifungal therapy in patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. J Dermatol49: 564-571, 2022. 
  38. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Fukushima S. Textbook case of onychomycosis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. J Dermatol49: e38-e39, 2022.
  39. 野口博光, 仲 弥, 西尾和倫, 松田哲男, 中野 眞, 比留間政太郎. 爪白癬患者を対象としたホスラブコナゾールの有効性と安全性に関する多機関共同、レトロスペクティブ研究. 日臨皮誌 39: 583-592, 2022.
  40. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kimura U,Hiruma M, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Nakamura-Kashiwada K, Fukushima S.Ungual hyalohyphomycosis caused by Penicillium citrinum successfully treated with fosravuconazole. J Dermatol48: e608-e609, 2021.
  41. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Kimura U, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Kubo M, Yaguchi T, Fukushima S, Kano R. Cluster infection caused by a terbinafine-resistant dermatophyte at a group home: The first case series in Japan. Acta Derm Venereol101: adv00563. 2021.
  42. Noguchi H, Kubo M, Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Makino K, Aoi J, Fukushima S. Topical efinaconazole: A sequential combination therapy with oral terbinafine for refractory tinea unguium. J Dermatol48: 1401-1404, 2021.
  43. Kano R, Noguchi H, Harada K, Hiruma M. Rapid molecular detection of terbinafine-resistant dermatophytes. Med Mycol J62: 41-42, 2021.
  44. Kashiwada-Nakamura K, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T, Kamei K, Suzuki T, Makino T, Kajihara I, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Subcutaneous cystic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium minimum. J Dermatol48: e234-e235, 2021.
  45. Miyata A, Kimura U, Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y. Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum successfully treated with fosravuconazole. J Dermatol48: e331-e332, 2021.
  46. Hiruma J, Noguchi H, Hase M, Tokuhisa Y, Shimizu T, Ogawa T, Hiruma M, Harada K, Kano R. Epidemiological study of terbinafine-resistant dermatophytes isolated from Japanese patients. J Dermatol48: 564-567, 2021.
  47. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Kano R, Kubo M, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Fosravuconazole to treat severe onychomycosis in the elderly. J Dermatol48: 228-231, 2021.
  48. Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Sakai F, Shibuya K, Sugita T, Takazono T, Takata T, Tashiro M, Teruya K, Nakamura S, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Makimura K, Miyazaki T, Miyazaki Y, Yamagishi Y, Yoshida K, Watanabe A. Executive summary of JSMM clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis 2019. Med Mycol J61: 61-89, 2020.
  49. Hirose M, Noguchi H,Matsumoto T, Kimura U, Hiruma M,Kano R, Yaguchi T, Fujimoto N, Satoh T, Ihn H. Ungual hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium cugenangense. Clin Case Rep. 8: 3533-3538,2020.
  50. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Kimura U, Hiruma M, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Ihn H. Non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis in Japan. Med Mycol J61: 23-31, 2020.
  51. Noguchi H,Matsumoto T, Kimura U,Hiruma M,Kano R, Yaguchi T, FukushimaS, Ihn H.Ungual Hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium proliferatum successfully treated with fosravuconazole. J Dermatol. 47: e251-e253, 2020.
  52. Kimura U, Hiruma M, Kano R, Matsumoto T, Noguchi H, Takamori K, Suga Y. Caution and warning: Arrival of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton interdigitale of the Indian genotype, isolated from extensive dermatophytosis, in Japan. J Dermatol 47: e192-e193, 2020.
  53. Noguchi H,Matsumoto T, Kimura U,Hiruma M,Kano R, Yaguchi T, Fukushima S, Ihn H.Onychomycosis caused by Trichosporon cacaoliposimilisJ Dermatol 47: e193‐e195, 2020.
  54. Kano R, Hiruma J, Yokota M, Noguchi H, Hase M, Kamata H, Harada K, Hiruma M. In vitro ravuconazole susceptibility of anthropophilic dermatophyte strains from Japanese patients. Jpn J Infect Dis 73: 250-252, 2020.
  55. Kawano Y, Egawa K, Egawa G, Egawa N, Honda Y, Noguchi H, Ihn H. Spontaneous regression of genital warts at untreated sites following electrocoagulation treatment for lesions at the other sites. J Dermatol. 47: e46-e47, 2020.
  56. 野口博光, 松本忠彦, 比留間政太郎. 足白癬を対象とする市販薬の現状と問題点. 薬局71: 141-147, 2020.
  57. 野口博光, 松本忠彦, 木村有太子, 比留間政太郎. 熊本地震の後に発生したAspergillus subramanianiiによる爪真菌症. Visual Dermatology. 19: 95-97, 2020.
  58. 野口博光, 松本忠彦, 木村有太子, 比留間政太郎. テルビナフィン耐性Trichophyton rubrumによる爪白癬. Visual Dermatology 19: 58-60, 2020.
  59. 野口博光.爪白癬治療薬としてのクレナフィン爪外用液の有用性‐罹患部位・重症度別の治療効果‐.日臨皮会誌36: 624-625, 2019.
  60. Miyashita K,Matsuo A, Johno M, Noguchi H,Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Kimura U, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Ihn H. Subcutaneous cystic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei J Dermatol 46: e449-451, 2019.
  61. Noguchi H,Matsumoto T, Hiruma M,Kimura U, Kano R, Yaguchi T, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Tinea unguium caused by terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton rubrum successfully treated with fosravuconazole. J Dermatol 46: e446-e447, 2019.
  62. Hiruma J, Kitagawa H, Noguchi H, Kano R, Hiruma M, Kamata H, Harada K. Terbinafine-resistant strain of Trichophyton interdigitale strain isolated from a tinea pedis patient. J Dermatol 46: 351-353, 2019.
  63. 廣瀬美希, 野口博光, 松本忠彦, 比留間政太郎, 矢口貴志, 佐藤貴浩.エフィナコナゾール爪外用液で治療したFusarium oxysporumによる爪無色菌糸症. 皮膚病診療41: 817-820, 2019.
  64. 宮下加奈子, 松尾 敦子, 城野 昌義, 野口 博光, 比留間政太郎, 尹 浩信. ボリコナゾールで治療したExophiala jeanselmeiによる皮下黒色菌糸症. 皮膚病診療41: 5-9, 2019.
  65. Noguchi H, Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Kimura U, Yaguchi T, Hirose M, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Interdigital hyalohyphomycosis caused by members of the Fusarium solani species complex. Acta Derm Venereol. 99: 835-836, 2019.
  66. Noguchi H,Matsumoto T,Kimura U,Hiruma M,Kano R,Yaguchi T,Fukushima S,Ihn H. Fungal melanonychia caused by Candida parapsilosis successfully treated with oral fosravuconazole. J Dermatol. 46: 911-913, 2019.
  67. Noguchi H,Matsumoto T, Hiruma M,Kusuhara M, Ihn H. Cutaneous cryptococcus. Med Mycol J. 60: 101-107, 2019.
  68. Hirose M, Noguchi H, Yaguchi T, Matsumoto T, Hiruma M, Fukushima S, Ihn H. Onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus subramanianii. J Dermatol45: 1362-1366, 2018.
  69. Minamoto K, Diepgen TL, Sato K, Noguchi H, Yamashita N, Yoshimura K, Ofenloch RF. Quality of Life in Hand Eczema Questionnaire: Validation of the Japanese version of a disease-specific measure of quality of life for hand eczema patients. J Dermatol45: 1301-1305, 2018.
  70. Inoue M, Miyashita A, Noguchi H, Hirose N, Nishimura K, Masuda M, Ihn H. Case report of cutaneous protothecosis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii designated as genotype 2 and current status of human protothecosis in Japan. J Dermatol. 45: 65-71, 2018.
  71. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T, Tashima H, Ihn H. Multiple subcutaneous Candida abscesses on the palm and finger in an immunocompetent patient. J Dermatol. 44: e176-e177, 2017.
  72. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Matsumoto T, Kano R, Tanaka M, Yaguchi T, Sonoda K, Ihn H. Fungal Melanonychia: Ungual phaeohyphomycosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Acta Derm Venereol. 97: 765-766, 2017.
  73. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Matsumoto T, Yaguchi T, Sano A, Mitsui N, Watanabe S, Ihn H. Subcutaneous cystic phaeohyphomycosis due to Pleurostomophora richardsiae. J Dermatol. 44: e62-e63, 2017.
  74. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Matsumoto T, Kano R, Ihn H. Ungual hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium proliferatum in an immunocompetent patient. J Dermatol. 44: 88-90, 2017.
  75. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Maruo K, Jono M, Miyata K, Tanaka H, Tanabe K, Miyazaki Y, Ihn H. Localized cutaneous cryptococcosis: summary of reported cases in Japan. Med Mycol J. 57: E35-E39, 2016.
  76. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Matsumoto T, Kano R, Ihn H. Ungual aspergillosis successfully treated with topical efinaconazole. J Dermatol. 44: 848-850, 2017.
  77. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Miyashita A, Makino K, Miyata K, Ihn H. A Case of fingernail onychomycosis due to Aspergillus flavus. Med Mycol J. 57: E21-E25, 2016.
  78. Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Inoue Y, Miyata K, Tanaka M, Ihn H. Tinea nigra showing a parallel ridge pattern on dermoscopy. J Dermatol. 42: 518-520, 2015.
  79. Noguchi H, Jinnin M, Miyata K, Hiruma M, Ihn H. Clinical features of 80 cases of tinea faciei treated at a rural clinic in Japan. Drug Discov Ther. 8: 245-248, 2014.
  80. Nagamoto E, Fujisawa A, Yoshino Y, Yoshitsugu K, Odo M, Watanabe H, Igata T, Noguchi H. Case of Paecilomyces lilacinus infection occurring in necrotizing fasciitis-associated skin ulcers on the face and surrounding a tracheotomy stoma. Med Mycol J. 55: E21-E27, 2014.
  81. Noguchi H, Miyata K, Sugita T, Hiruma M, Hiruma M. Treatment of onychomycosis using a 1064nm Nd:YAG laser. Med Mycol J. 54: 333-339, 2013.
  82. 山田理子, 野口博光, 榮 仁子, 杉田 隆, 比留間 翠, 比留間政太郎. Aspergillus sydowiiによる爪真菌症の1例 Med Mycol J. 53: 205-209, 2012.
  83. Yamada A, Noguchi H, Sakae H, Ogawa Y, Hiruma M. Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton verrucosum in a 20-month-old female: case report and summary of reported cases in Japan. J Dermatol. 39: 667-669, 2012.
  84. 榮 仁子, 野口博光, 市之川悠子, 比留間政太郎.最近3年間に熊本の一診療所で経験されたMicrosporum canis感染症25例の集計. Med Mycol J. 52: 139-144, 2011.
  85. Sakae H, Noguchi H, Hattori M, Hiruma M. Observation of micro- and macroconidia in Trichophyton violaceum from a case of Tinea faciei. Mycoses. 54: e656-658, 2011.
  86. 野口博光, 榮 仁子, 服部真理子, 比留間政太郎.分子生物学的にArthroderma vanbreuseghemiiと同定された顔面白癬の2例 日本における報告例の集計. Med Mycol J. 51: 193-198, 2010.
  87. 国武裕子, 野口博光, 比留間政太郎. 最近5年間に一診療所で経験された頭部白癬の集計. Med Mycol J. 50: 161-166, 2009.